Mitanni Inhaltsverzeichnis
Mittani (auch Mitanni, Mittanni oder Ḫanilgabat) war ein Staat in Nordsyrien. Im und frühen Jahrhundert v. Chr. reichte er von der Grenze. Mittani war ein Staat in Nordsyrien. Im und frühen Jahrhundert v. Chr. reichte er von der Grenze Nordmesopotamiens bis in den Norden Syriens. Von der Mitte des Jahrhunderts v. Chr. bis zu seinem Ende in der Mitte des Jahrhunderts. Mitanni zwüsche Hatti und Assyrie. Mitanni isch ä hurritische Schdaat gsi im und Johrhundert vor dr Ziitwändi. Er isch im Weschde vo Mesopotamie gläge. Obwohl die Könige von Mitanni Jahre lang über Nordsyrien und zeitweise auch Teile Anatoliens und Mesopotamien herrschten, ist ihre. einverstanden, ihre Töchter den Pharaonen zur Gemahlin zu geben.1 Diese Tatsache deutet die wichtige Position an, welche die Könige von Mitanni und ihr. Mitanni - Königs Tuschratta ( – v. Chr.), und da Amenophis IV. (Echnaton) diese Ehe fortführte, kann man getrost behaupten, daß der Ausgleich. Geläufig war der Name Mitanni dagegen seit dem Ende des Jahrhunderts v.Chr. besonders in Syrien und in Hattuscha, und man bezog sich damit auf das.
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Don't have an account yet? Create your account. Abrir tu lista. Puedes enviar una pregunta al alojamiento. Muy buen lugar para salir de la ciudad y descansar.
Don Luis Fernando te hace sentir como en casa. Gran sujeto.. Y espectacular cocinero. Excelente servicio! Error: Lo sentimos.
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Cundinamarca Hostales y pensiones Hoteles. Suesca Hostales y pensiones Hoteles. Igualamos el precio. Instalaciones y servicios. Luz Colombia.
Fabian Colombia. Julian Colombia. Ytzqar Colombia. Fredy Colombia. El glamping es muy limpio y acogedor y la chimenea permite relajarse y apreciar el paisaje.
Leidy Colombia. El servicio es espectacular.. Felipe Colombia. Gran sitio para descansar y alejarse de la ciudad. Maria Colombia.
Dary Colombia. Carolina Colombia. Personal 9,1. Mitanni Reservar ahora. Mitanni alojamientos como casas y apartamentos. Muy bien. The account is mainly based on Assyrian, Hittite, and Egyptian sources, as well as inscriptions from nearby places in Syria.
Often it is not even possible to establish synchronicity between the rulers of different countries and cities, let alone give uncontested absolute dates.
The definition and history of Mitanni is further beset by a lack of differentiation between linguistic, ethnic and political groups. It is believed that the warring Hurrian tribes and city states became united under one dynasty after the collapse of Babylon due to its sacking by Hittite king Mursili I , and the Kassite invasion.
This led to the formation of the kingdom of Mitanni. The first known use by now of Indo-Aryan names for Mitanni rulers begins with Shuttarna I who succeeded his father Kirta on the throne.
The nation grew stronger during the reign of Shaushtatar , but the Hurrians were keen to keep the Hittites inside the Anatolian highland.
Kizzuwatna in the west and Ishuwa in the north were important allies against the hostile Hittites. After a few successful clashes with the Egyptians over the control of Syria, Mitanni sought peace with them, and an alliance was formed.
Mitanni was now at its peak of power. Eriba-Adad I became involved in a dynastic battle between Tushratta and his brother Artatama II and after this his son Shuttarna II , who called himself king of the Hurri while seeking support from the Assyrians.
Eriba-Adad I had thus loosened Mitanni influence over Assyria, and in turn had now made Assyria an influence over Mitanni affairs.
At the death of Shuttarna, Mitanni was ravaged by a war of succession. Eventually Tushratta, a son of Shuttarna, ascended the throne, but the kingdom had been weakened considerably and both the Hittite and Assyrian threats increased.
At the same time, the diplomatic relationship with Egypt went cold, the Egyptians fearing the growing power of the Hittites and Assyrians.
The Hittite king Suppiluliuma I invaded the Mitanni vassal states in northern Syria and replaced them with loyal subjects.
In the capital Washukanni , a new power struggle broke out. The Hittites and the Assyrians supported different pretenders to the throne. Finally a Hittite army conquered the capital Washukanni and installed Shattiwaza , the son of Tushratta, as their vassal king of Mitanni in the late 14th century BC.
The kingdom had by now been reduced to the Khabur Valley. The following is a tentative correlation of Mitanni with nearby kingdoms until the reign of Tusratta by Stefano de Martino: [36].
As early as Akkadian times, Hurrians are known to have lived east of the river Tigris on the northern rim of Mesopotamia, and in the Khabur Valley.
The group which became Mitanni gradually moved south into Mesopotamia before the 17th century BC. If we trust in one hypothesis on the beginnings of Mitanni, it was already a powerful kingdom at the end of the 17th century or in the first half of the 16th century BC, and its beginnings date to well before the time of Thutmose I , dating actually to the time of the Hittite sovereigns Hattusili I and Mursili I.
Cuneiform texts from Mari mention rulers of city-states in upper Mesopotamia with both Amurru Amorite and Hurrian names.
Rulers with Hurrian names are also attested for Urshum and Hassum , and tablets from Alalakh layer VII, from the later part of the Old Babylonian period mention people with Hurrian names at the mouth of the Orontes.
There is no evidence for any invasion from the North-east. Generally, these onomastic sources have been taken as evidence for a Hurrian expansion to the South and the West.
This terminology was last used for King Tushratta of Mitanni, in a letter in the Amarna archives.
The normal title of the king was 'King of the Hurri-men' without the determinative KUR indicating a country. It is believed that the warring Hurrian tribes and city states became united under one dynasty after the collapse of Babylon due to the Hittite sack by Mursili I and the Kassite invasion.
The Hittite conquest of Aleppo Yamkhad , the weak middle Assyrian kings, and the internal strifes of the Hittites had created a power vacuum in upper Mesopotamia.
The legendary founder of the Mitannian dynasty was a king called Kirta , who was followed by a king Shuttarna. Nothing is known about these early kings.
King Barattarna is known from a cuneiform tablet in Nuzi and an inscription by Idrimi of Alalakh. Whether Parsha ta tar, known from another Nuzi inscription, is the same as Barattarna, or a different king, is debated.
This king, also known as Parratarna is considered, by J. Belmonte-Marin quoting H. Klengel, to have reigned, as per middle chronology c.
At Megiddo , he fought an alliance of Mitanni princes and tribal leaders under the ruler of Kadesh.
See Battle of Megiddo 15th century BC. Mitanni had sent troops as well. Whether this was done because of existing treaties, or only in reaction to a common threat, remains open to debate.
The Egyptian victory opened the way north. Thutmose III again waged war in Mitanni in the 33rd year of his rule.
They sailed down the Euphrates to Emar Meskene and then returned home via Mitanni. A hunt for elephants at Lake Nija was important enough to be included in the annals.
This was impressive propaganda, but did not lead to any permanent rule. Victories over Mitanni are recorded from the Egyptian campaigns in Nuhasse middle part of Syria.
Again, this did not lead to permanent territorial gains. Barattarna or his son Shaushtatar controlled the North Mitanni interior up to Nuhasse , and the coastal territories from Kizzuwatna to Alalakh in the kingdom of Mukish at the mouth of the Orontes.
Idrimi of Alalakh, returning from Egyptian exile, could only ascend his throne with Barattarna's consent.
While he got to rule Mukish and Ama'u, Aleppo remained with Mitanni. Shaushtatar , king of Mitanni, sacked the Assyrian capital of Assur some time in the 15th century during the reign of Nur-ili , and took the silver and golden doors of the royal palace to Washukanni.
There is no trace of that in the Assyrian king lists; therefore it is probable that Ashur was ruled by a native Assyrian dynasty owing sporadic allegiance to the house of Shaushtatar.
While a sometime vassal of Mitanni, the temple of Sin and Shamash was built in Ashur. The states of Aleppo in the west, and Nuzi and Arrapha in the east, seem to have been incorporated into Mitanni under Shaushtatar as well.
The palace of the crown prince , the governor of Arrapha has been excavated. A letter from Shaushtatar was discovered in the house of Shilwe-Teshup.
His seal shows heroes and winged geniuses fighting lions and other animals, as well as a winged sun. This style, with a multitude of figures distributed over the whole of the available space, is taken as typically Hurrian.
A second seal, belonging to Shuttarna I, but used by Shaushtatar, found in Alalakh, shows a more traditional Assyro-Akkadian style. The military superiority of Mitanni was probably based on the use of two-wheeled war- chariots , driven by the 'Marjannu' people.
A text on the training of war-horses, written by a certain " Kikkuli the Mitannian" has been found in the archives recovered at Hattusa. More speculative is the attribution of the introduction of the chariot in Mesopotamia to early Mitanni.
Amenhotep fought in Syria in BC, presumably against Mitanni as well, but did not reach the Euphrates. Amicable letters, sumptuous gifts, and letters asking for sumptuous gifts were exchanged.
Mitanni was especially interested in Egyptian gold. A more or less permanent border between Egypt and Mitanni seems to have existed near Qatna on the Orontes River; Ugarit was part of Egyptian territory.
The reason Mitanni sought peace with Egypt may have been trouble with the Hittites. Kizzuwatna may have fallen to the Hittites at that time.
It is uncertain what intrigues that followed, but UD-hi then placed Tushratta , another son of Shuttarna, on the throne. Probably, he was quite young at the time and was intended to serve as a figurehead only.
However, he managed to dispose of the murderer, possibly with the help of his Egyptian father-in-law, but this is sheer speculation. The Egyptians may have suspected the mighty days of Mitanni were about to end.
In order to protect their Syrian border zone the new Pharaoh Akhenaten instead received envoys from the resurgent powers of the Hittites and Assyria.
From the Amarna letters it is known that Tushratta's desperate claim for a gold statue from Akhenaten developed into a major diplomatic crisis.
The unrest weakened the Mitannian control of their vassal states, and Aziru of Amurru seized the opportunity and made a secret deal with the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I.
Kizzuwatna , which had seceded from the Hittites, was reconquered by Suppiluliuma. In what has been called his first Syrian campaign, Suppiluliuma then invaded the western Euphrates valley, and conquered the Amurru and Nuhasse in Mitanni.
Nothing is known of this Artatama's previous life or connection, if any, to the royal family. He is called 'king of the Hurri,' while Tushratta went by the title 'King of Mitanni.
Suppiluliuma began to plunder the lands on the west bank of the Euphrates, and annexed Mount Lebanon. Tushratta threatened to raid beyond the Euphrates if even a single lamb or kid was stolen.
Suppiluliuma then recounts how the land of Ishuwa on the upper Euphrates had seceded in the time of his grandfather.
Attempts to conquer it had failed. In the time of his father, other cities had rebelled. Suppiluliuma claims to have defeated them, but the survivors had fled to the territory of Ishuwa, that must have been part of Mitanni.
A clause to return fugitives is part of many treaties between sovereign states and between rulers and vassal states, so perhaps the harbouring of fugitives by Ishuwa formed the pretext for the Hittite invasion.
A Hittite army crossed the border, entered Ishuwa and returned the fugitives or deserters or exile governments to Hittite rule. All the people whom I released rejoined their peoples, and Hatti incorporated their territories.
The Hittite army then marched through various districts towards Washukanni. Suppiluliuma claims to have plundered the area, and to have brought loot, captives, cattle, sheep and horses back to Hatti.
He also claims that Tushratta fled, though obviously he failed to capture the capital. While the campaign weakened Mitanni, it did not endanger its existence.
In a second campaign, the Hittites again crossed the Euphrates and subdued Aleppo , Mukish , Niya , Arahati , Apina , and Qatna, as well as some cities whose names have not been preserved.
The booty from Arahati included charioteers, who were brought to Hatti together with all their possessions. While it was common practice to incorporate enemy soldiers in the army, this might point to a Hittite attempt to counter the most potent weapon of Mitanni, the war-chariots, by building up or strengthening their own chariot forces.
All in all, Suppiluliuma claims to have conquered the lands "from Mount Lebanon and from the far bank of the Euphrates. While the Hittites made some territorial gains in western Syria, it seems unlikely that they established a permanent rule east of the Euphrates.
A son of Tushratta conspired with his subjects, and killed his father in order to become king. His brother Shattiwaza was forced to flee.
Suppiluliuma claims that "the entire land of Mittanni went to ruin, and the land of Assyria and the land of Alshi divided it between them," but this sounds more like wishful thinking.
Although Assyria annexed Mitanni territory, the kingdom survived. Shuttarna wisely maintained good relations with Assyria, and returned to it the palace doors of Ashur, that had been taken by Shaushtatar.
Such booty formed a powerful political symbol in ancient Mesopotamia. The fugitive Shattiwaza may have gone to Babylon first, but eventually ended up at the court of the Hittite king, who married him to one of his daughters.
The treaty between Suppiluliuma of Hatti and Shattiwaza of Mitanni has been preserved and is one of the main sources on this period.
After the conclusion of the Suppiluliuma-Shattiwaza treaty, Piyassili , a son of Suppiluliuma, led a Hittite army into Mitanni.
According to Hittite sources, Piyassili and Shattiwaza crossed the Euphrates at Carchemish, then marched against Irridu in Hurrian territory.
They sent messengers from the west bank of the Euphrates and seemed to have expected a friendly welcome, but the people were loyal to their new ruler, influenced, as Suppiluliuma claims, by the riches of Tushratta.
If you are coming for battle, come, but you shall not return to the land of the Great King! Shuttarna had sent men to strengthen the troops and chariots of the district of Irridu, but the Hittite army won the battle, and the people of Irridu sued for peace.
Meanwhile, an Assyrian army "led by a single charioteer" marched on the capital Washukanni. It seems that Shuttarna had sought Assyrian aid in the face of the Hittite threat.
Possibly the force sent did not meet his expectations, or he changed his mind. In any case, the Assyrian army was refused entrance, and set instead to besiege the capital.
This seems to have turned the mood against Shuttarna; perhaps the majority of the inhabitants of Washukanni decided they were better off with the Hittite Empire than with their former subjects.
In any case, a messenger was sent to Piyassili and Shattiwaza at Irridu, who delivered his message in public, at the city gate.
Piyassili and Shattiwaza marched on Washukanni, and the cities of Harran and Pakarripa seem to have surrendered to them. While at Pakarripa, a desolate country where the troops suffered hunger, they received word of an Assyrian advance, but the enemy never materialised.
The allies pursued the retreating Assyrian troops to Nilap-ini but could not force a confrontation.
Mitanni. Um water-and-life.eu vergrößerte der hurritische König Atal-Shen sein Reich südwestlich des anatolischen Hochlandes am Oberlauf des Euphrat. Historischer Hintergrund: Das Großreich der Könige von Mitanni war vermutlich bereits während des / Jhs. BC in Obermesopotamien entstanden. Jh. war Mitanni unter König Šauššatar die stärkste Macht des nördlichen vorderasiatischen Raumes. Thutmoses III. erkannte, daß es politisch unklug wäre. Da haben wir die Mitanni. 1. Mitanni Tu comentario no se ha podido enviar correctamente Video
The Oldest Known Melody (Hurrian Hymn no.6 - c.1400 B.C.)
Mitanni Palast einer rätselhaften Großmacht entdeckt
Die Hethiter waren Shades Auf Deutsch aufgrund ihrer Die Letzte Frau Stream mit Ägypten, die v. Der zeitweilige Niedergang des Hethiterreichs wird damit erklärt. Es zeigt einen Death Note Filme Genius mit einfacher Hörnerkroneder zwei Löwen an den Hinterbeinen hochhält, im Hintergrund weitere tierbezwingende Beverly Hills Chihuahua 3, u. Welchem Volk die Mitanni angehörten, ist ebenfalls unklar. Erster Krieg der Weltgeschichte vor 6. Das ehemalige Reich Mittani zerfiel somit im Wesentlichen in das Kernland des Mittelassyrischen Reiches, einige neu entstandene hethitische Provinzen westlich des Belich sowie — dazwischen gelegen — das Königreich, das von den Hethitern Mitanna genannt wurde. Star Wars Erwachen Der Macht Kinox die Hauptstädte bisher nicht ausgegraben werden konnten, stützt sich das Wissen über Mittani vor allem auf ägyptische, assyrische und hethitische Quellen.Mitanni Navigation menu Video
The Kingdom of the Mitanni ~ A Bronze Age Empire Cancellation Cecelia Ahern Filme Stream prepayment policies vary Yogi Bär to accommodations type. Check-out date. Estancias reales. Cleanliness 8. The name Mitanni is first found in the "memoirs" of the Syrian wars c. There are letters of Wasashatta in the Hittite archives. Uste denez, hurritar tribu etsaiak eta hiri-estatuak, dinastia bakar batean batu ziren, elite indoeuropar batek gobernatua, K. Fletchers Visionen, an Assyrian army "led by a single charioteer" marched on the capital Washukanni. Mitanni home Philadelphia Stream apartment-like properties by Booking.Mitanni - Navigationsmenü
Es finden sich zudem einzelne indoarische Wörter. Bündnis zwüschen ä si dur Hürote besiiglet worde. Denn schon damals war Syrien ein begehrtes Gebiet — und der Kampf um die Macht in dieser Region alltäglich. Mehr zum Thema. Geschichte Salamis v. Auch Thutmosis III. Quelle: dpa. Das mag mit dem Fehlen einer eigenen schriftlichen Überlieferung zusammenhängen. Das machte die Lage nicht gerade stabil, hatte aber auch Vorteile: Denn durch diese Region führten wichtige Handelswege der damaligen Welt — von Ägypten nach Mesopotamien 3096 Stream Kleinasien und zurück. Ein zweiter Palast wurde in der südlichen Türkei in den Pro7 Livestream Free der bronzezeitlichen Stadt Alalach gefunden. Wissenschaft Soziale Ungleichheit Töchter oder Sklavinnen?Mitanni Availability Video
Battle of Irridu - 1275 BCE (Assyrian-Mitanni War)
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